The History of Fabrics and Different Fibers

The Negative Effects Of The Minimum Wage - 1282 Words

Minimum Wage Should the government raise minimum wage? Should the government lower or keep the current minimum wage? Minimum wage is a very controversial topic when it is discussed between all parties. For those arguing for minimum wage increase believe that it will bring people living below the poverty line above it. Former President Obama stated, â€Å" no one working forty hours deserves to be living in poverty.† For those arguing against the raise on minimum wage believe that it has more negative effects than just causing citizens to lose jobs. However, I believe that the government should control the minimum wage and if it is to be raised than it needs to be done in a manner that wouldn’t negatively affect the individual or the†¦show more content†¦Typically, this is seen in restaurant industry with servers, bartenders, and bar backs. These employees are paid below the minimum wage and then they collect tips from customers. How does minimum wage affect employees? Studies have shown that when minimum wage increases a decrease in employment of less educated workers. (Cato). The decrease in the employment of less educated workers is because due the minimum wage increase, employers begin looking for a more qualified candidate. Such as an employee having a high school education. With more increases in the minimum wage, than employers will raise their standard of their employee, requiring higher educations or some type of certification. (Cato). However, when there is an increase in the minimum wage there is an increase in high school drop out rates. Does minimum wage affect education? The correlation between minimum wage and a lower education level of citizens in the U.S. is considered a conflict theory by social scientists. A conflict theory means that without one than the other issue wouldn’t have occurred. Studies have shown that citizens who were able to drop out prior to turning 18 had an increase of 2% when the minimum wage increased compared to when they had to be 18 prior to dropping out. (Kasperkevic, 2015). Now the people who the minimum wage was originally set out to help is actually hurting them. (McConnell, 2015). What is the employer doing when they are faced with increasedShow MoreRelatedThe Positive and Negative Effects of Raising Minimum Wage805 Words   |  4 Pagessensitive topic for many Americans is their income. Many people’s income relies on minimum wage. In 2012, 3.6 million people received an hourly pay at or below minimum wage. There is an ongoing debate in government as to what the minimum wage should be. Stuck at $7.25, Obama has suggested raising the minimum wage to $9.00. Depending on a person’s perspective, raising minimum wage could be positive or negative. Minimum wage has the ability to change lives, and change the economy. Small businesses and unemploymentRead More The Negative Effects of Raising the Minimum Wage Essay1552 Words   |  7 PagesIf we took away the minimum wage, we could wipe out unemployment completely because we would be able to offer jobs at every possible skill level. -- Michele Bachmann Proponents of raising the minimum wage claim that if the minimum wage was raised, then many economic and social problems would be alleviated. This contention is at odds both with economic principles and years of creditable research. The effect of raising or even having a minimum wage has been studied extensively and theRead MoreThe Federal Minimum Wage Should Have Negative Effects On Employment1893 Words   |  8 Pagesfederal minimum wage. Stacey Brundson, a single father of two, said he has donated blood to bring in extra cash just to help his family afford the basics. â€Å"Sometimes there’s not enough in my paycheck to make it through the month,† said Brundson (qtd. in Harris). Although numerous conservatives and business owners believe that a modification in the current federal minimum wage will have negative effects on employment, on low-skilled workers, and on consumer’s prices, increasing the federal minimum wageRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage On The United States1168 Words   |  5 PagesResearch shows if minimum wage was to climb that it would hurt the least skilled and the least experienced people trying to seek a job the most. There are different of opinions people believe in about the positive and negative aspect of minimum wage. Supporters argue that such a boost will shrink poverty without plummeting jobs and that it will boost confidence, increase the normal living, and cut inequality and have businesses to be well-organized. Opponents that are not for minimum wage say it will increaseRead MoreMinimum Wage And The Wage960 Words   |  4 Pagescountry, or type of job believe that increasing the minimum wage would solve individual financial problems. It is important to know that this subject is not a black-and-white problem and can not be answered by a simple yes or a no answer. This article will be focusing on the minimum wage in America. Furthermore, we are focusing on the State s minimum wage rather the Feder al minimum wage. It is important to understand that the state s minimum wage is different than the Federal. In some states it mayRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage889 Words   |  4 Pagesthe federal minimum wage would positively effect the economy. In doing so, I will be discussing how an increase in the federal minimum wage would make a vast improvement on the way many low income families live, and also how raising the federal minimum wage would boost the economy as it desperately needs. In raising the federal minimum wage, one might argue that it would cause a spike in the unemployment rate. The reasoning is that it would force employers to balance the increase in wages that theyRead MoreThe Minimum Wage Law Should Not Exist1684 Words   |  7 PagesThe minimum wage law was first enacted in January 1938 (Mutari, Ellen), and since then, people have falsely been led to believe that it is beneficial to the economy as well as the general population. It has commonly been seen as a method to reduce poverty by redistributing income in order to make sure that people earn a healthy, living wage; however, evidence has shown that it in fact does just the opposite. Forcing a minimum wage goes against the free market, and severely disrupts the natural processRead MoreThe Effects Of Minimum Wage On The Economy1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects Minimum Wage on the Economy The controversial topic about increasing minimum wage is debated countless times over the years. Minimum wage is the lowest wage an employer can pay an employee permitted by law. The contemporary federal minimum wage is $7.25. Minimum wage applies to all domestic workers but teenagers are the main receivers of minimum wage. Minimum wage has a major effect on the economy. The question is are the effects positive or negative. There are many arguments on whetherRead MoreRaising The Federal Minimum Wage1225 Words   |  5 Pages Study shows that wage increases do lower poverty, by 2.4% if wage at $8.00, consistent with other studies. (Washington Post/ Arin Dube) 1. Raising the federal minimum wage doesn’t cause substantial unemployment as most economists agree, including over 600 economists who wrote a letter to Congress urging a wage increase, and the Economic Policy Institute. A. Identify shortcomings of the opposition (fallacies they make, or weaknesses in the evidence they use) 1. Arin Dube’s study would be great,Read MoreDoes the Minimum Wage Increase the Standard of Living for Low-Income People?1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe United States has maintained a minimum wage which was enacted since 1938. At the present time there is much political debate in regarding to increase the minimum wage to levels at the federal level, state, and local levels of government across this country. There are various theories regarding the minimum wage. Some believe it would circulate money into the economy faster which would negate and negative effects on employment, or even improve unemployment rates. Others point to the economic theory

Nursing Professional Identity and Nursing

Question: Describe your role as a RN to BSN student in regard to factors influencing role expectation and how it relates to the formal and informal structure of the assigned community health agency. Answer: The role of a registered nurse to BSN students in response to factors influencing role expectation is to teach them the following: Maintaining interprofessional relationship with health practitioners and a nurse specialist. Role funding and evaluation of individual role in nursing practice. Matching nursing education with practice in a real health care setting. Often nursing students lack specialized knowledge and skills due to limited access to specialty education in nursing. All nursing students must know interprofessional skills to facilitate effective teamwork. The nurse training programs should include components like addressing inter-professional skills in order make trainee nurses aware of their specific roles, responsibilities, and scope of practice (Masters, 2015). The above nursing role relates to the structure of Neighbourhood SHOPP Casa Boricua Senior Center. It is a non-profit multi-service agency that serves elder people above 60 years of age. It is committed to developing and supporting older citizens regarding educational, nutritional and cultural development ("Neighborhood SHOPP - N. SHOPP Casa Boricua Senior Center", 2016). Role clarification in nurses will enable them to empower older persons through knowledge, support, and motivation. When nursing students understand their role expectation in this agency, they will actively engage their mind, body, and soul to serve the older people in the community. The agency builds a supportive network for older persons. An efficient nurse will understand the challenges in working in this agency and minimize language barrier by providing older citizens with increased access to health benefits and other support (Johnson et al., 2012). Reference Johnson, M., Cowin, L. S., Wilson, I., Young, H. (2012). Professional identity and nursing: contemporary theoretical developments and future research challenges.International Nursing Review,59(4), 562-569. Masters, K. (2015).Role development in professional nursing practice. Jones Bartlett Publishers. Neighborhood SHOPP - N. SHOPP Casa Boricua Senior Center. (2016).Nshopp.org. Retrieved 5 August 2016, from https://www.nshopp.org/senior-programs-and-services/n-shopp-casa-boricua-senior-center/

The contrasting attitudes and beliefs of gamblers and non

Table of Contents Introduction Types of Gamblers The Essence of Gambling Dimensions of Money Money as a Motivation for Gambling Conclusion References Introduction Gambling is the process by which an individual puts his/her money or any other valuable item at stake for the hope of winning more money or goods (Strack and Deutsch, 2004). The outcome of winning or losing is always uncertain. This is because gamblers normally depend on chance to win.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The contrasting attitudes and beliefs of gamblers and non-gamblers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The process of gambling is normally short. Once the results are out, a gambler has the choice of walking away with his winnings or restrain himself from playing as a result of losing (Houben and Wiers, 2006). The other choice is to continue playing. However, all these choices depend on the nature of an individual and the attitude and beli efs he/she has towards gambling. Lottery tickets, board games, cards, slot machines and betting are just but examples of different types of gambles that are present (Allport, 2005). Each one of these games is different from the other. In addition, the stakes of each game is different. To protect the interest of all gamblers, the nature and extent of gambling is normally controlled by the law. In many countries, this control lies under the gaming and betting board or gaming and licensing board (Allport, 2005). These laws clearly state the rules and regulations that should be considered while gambling, the variety of games that are permitted by the state and the procedures and guidelines that should be followed in the process of gambling. However, this paper will not focus on the nature of gambling or its legality. Instead, it will focus on the contrasting attitudes and beliefs of gamblers and non-gamblers. It is a matter of fact that gamblers and non-gamblers have different views tow ards gambling. To understand this, the impacts of the various factors that affect the process of gambling shall be analysed. This analysis shall be done on individuals who are either gamblers or non-gamblers. In the end, a conclusion shall be drawn with regards to the attitudes and beliefs that gamblers and non-gamblers have towards gambling. Types of Gamblers In life, we have the free will to make the decisions that we want. However, the outcome of these choices is always uncertain. Therefore, it will be true to say that we are all gamblers (Eagley and Chaiken, 1993). However, for the context of this paper, a gambler is an individual who gambles for the sole purpose of winning.Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More With this definition, it is possible to come up with two types of gamblers. There are those individuals who gamble for fun or entertainment. For this individuals, it does not m atter whether they win or lose. What matters is the fun that they have while playing the game. Such individuals are referred to as non-gamblers. On the other extreme, we have problem gamblers. These individuals take gambling seriously. This may be due to several reasons. This includes using gambling as a source of income, wealth, power and respect. For such individuals, winning is necessary. Such individuals tend to over-estimate their chances of winning. In addition, their rates of gambling are much higher as compared to non-gamblers. The Essence of Gambling The main essence of gambling is to win something that is valuable as compared to the stake that the gambler invested in the gamble. In many situations, money is the stake that is invested in a gamble. Money is also the reward that a gambler hopes to win. When other assets are used as the stake or winnings, their value is always quantified in monetary terms. This may include land, jewellery, cars and houses. As a result, money p lays a major role in the process of gambling. The winnings that an individual is hoping to win acts as the motivation for individuals to be involved in the process of gambling (Greenwald et al, 2002). To fully understand the psychology of gamblers and non-gamblers, it is essential to understand the effect that money has on them and the manner in which it affects their character and perception. After this analysis has been done, it will thus be much easier for an individual to determine the attitudes and beliefs of gamblers and non-gamblers towards money and most importantly, towards gambling. Dimensions of Money Money is also multi-dimensional in nature. It has an emotional construct, an instrumental construct and a symbolic construct (Eagley and Chaiken, 1993). The emotional construct of money is determined by the manner in which money affects the behaviour, character and psychology of an individual. Money is capable of affecting the level of anxiety and satisfaction in an individu al. Money is also an instrument that is used to conduct a number of transactions in the world. It can be used to pay rent, debts and purchase goods. Finally, money is used as a symbol of value.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The contrasting attitudes and beliefs of gamblers and non-gamblers specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Many goods and services are valued in monetary terms for ease of exchange and convenience. The multi-dimension nature of money thus plays a critical role in determining how an individual will perceive the commodity and it may affect his psychology, attitudes and beliefs especially so when gambling is considered. Money as a Motivation for Gambling Winning money or something that is valuable is the main essence of gambling. Money has various value for what it really represents. In the mind of a gambler, it represents the opportunity to win something that is valuable. This thought in itself acts as a motivator for gambling. Another reason why people gamble is to satisfy their need of acquiring intangible benefits that come about with money (Karpinski and Hilton, 2005). This includes wealth, power and prestige. However, the manner in which an individual perceives money and the attitudes and belief that accrue towards gambling mainly depend on the category an individual is. If an individual is a problem gambler, there are high possibilities that he/she will be so obsessed to win in order to gain the benefits of gambling. On the other hand, non-problem gamblers are not so obsessed with winning. In addition, they do not have so much financial insecurities. As a result, they tend to view gambling as a recreation activity for fun and entertainment and not as a source of income. To determine how money acts as a motivation of gambling and how it affects the attitudes and beliefs of individuals, the tool and drug theory will be used. According to this theory, money motivates indivi duals to actively participate in the process of gambling due to the winnings at hand (Lang, 2005). The monetary value of these winnings acts as a motivation for actively participating in gambling. An individual has the desire to win the money due to several reasons. This may be to reduce his debts, improve his lifestyle (making it more classy), or to gain power and respect among his friends or the community. However, the extent to which an individual perceives this notion depends on whether he/she is a problem gambler or a non-gambler (Boyer and Dickerson, 2003).Advertising Looking for essay on psychology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More For instance, whether a non-gambler wins or loses his stakes, the chances of him/her continuing gambling after his reserve is exhausted are limited. Problem gamblers on the other hand will continue to gamble even after they have won. They tend to re-invest their winnings in the game so that they can win more rewards. Due to their over-ambition of winning, they tend to lose much of their winnings. In some circumstances, they may even borrow debts thinking that they will recover what they lost. The incentive of re-investing their winnings and actively participating in gambling is due to the arousal effect that occurs after a gambler has won. Such an arousal brings about a feeling of high that is relatively similar to what people feel when they use drugs. To re-live the experience, a gambler will play more and more. In the process, he will become addicted to the game. This therefore makes money to be like a drug while to a problem gambler. In the process, this situation affects the neu ral, psychological and behavioural aspects of an individual (Zack and Poulos, 2004). The resultant effect is that a problem gambler shall develop a positive attitude towards gambling. Another factor that affects the attitudes and beliefs of individual towards gambling is their interpretation of money. Kassinove (1998), stated that people have the obsession of money, use money to get power, trust, self-esteem and reduce to their anxiety towards life (p. 765). However, the extent of these actions depends a lot on an individuals. Kassinove concluded that problem gamblers had higher levels of anxiety towards money as compared to non-gamblers. This may be due to the cash flow problems that they keep experiencing. As a result, they tend to rely mainly on gambling to reinstate and maintain their financial stability. The same theory applies to the other constructs that had been mentioned. It is this attitude that gamblers continue to invest more and more money into gambling. In the process, they tend to spend all their money and run into debt. However, even after running into debt, a problem gambler will continue to gamble. This time, however, will not be to win but to recover their debts. This condition is serious and this is the status that many problem gamblers are always stuck into (Zack and Poulos, 2004). They tend to gamble to chase their losses. However, this only makes the situation to become even worse. Conclusion For problem gamblers, money is a symbol of success. They therefore treasure money due to the influence, prestige and power that it has other than the security that it offers. As a result, these individuals are more anxious about money. To reduce this anxiety, a problem gambler will continue to gamble so that he gets more money. This makes problem gamblers view gambling as an avenue of earning money and not a form of entertainment. This therefore makes them to have a positive attitude towards gambling. Non-problem gamblers do not have a lot anxiety t owards money. They treasure money for the security that it offers and not the success or the prestige that comes with it. With regards to these facts, the normally view gambling as a recreation activity for fun and entertainment. They therefore have a neutral to negative attitude towards gambling. References Allport, G.W. (2005). Attitudes. In C.M. Murchison. Handbook of social psychology  Winchester, MA: Clark University Press. Boyer, M., Dickerson, M. (2003). Attentional bias and addictive behaviour: Automaticity in a gambling-specific modified Stroop task. Addiction, 98, 61–70. Eagley, A., and Chaiken, S. (1993). The psychology of attitudes. Fort Worth, TX: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich College Publishers. Greenwald, A.G., Banaji, M.R., Rudman, L.A., Farnham, S.D., Nosek, B.A., Mellot, D.S. (2002). A unified theory of implicit attitudes, stereotypes, self-esteem, and self-concept. Psychological Review, 109, 3–25. Houben, K., Wiers, R.W. (2006). Assessing implicit a lcohol associations with the implicit association test: Fact or artifact? Addictive Behaviours, 31, 1346–1362. Kassinove, J. (1998). Development of the Gambling Attitude Scales: Preliminary findings.  Journal of Clinical Psychology, 54, 763–771. Karpinski, A., and Hilton, J.L. (2001). Attitudes and the implicit association test. Journal  of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 774–788. Lang, P.J. (2005). The emotion probe: Studies of motivation on alcohol. American  Psychologist 50, 372–385. Strack, F., Deutsch, R. (2004). Reflective and impulsive determinants of social behavior. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 8, 220–247. Zack, M., Poulos, C.X. (2004). Amphetamine primes motivation to gamble and gambling-related semantic networks in problem gamblers.  Neuropsychopharmacology, 29, 195–207. 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